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|a 1.Humans, geology and the environment. What is environmental geology? -- Humans and the geological environment -- IPAT -- carrying capacity -- Putting ourselves al risk -- The environmental geologist -- Typical projects in environmental geology -- Exponential growth, walth, poverty and population -- 2. The Earth system and climate change. Homeostasis and feedback -- Atmosphere, hydrosphere -- Madeup of Earth's atmosphere -- Atmospheric circulation and climate -- Oceanic circulation and climate -- Natural climate change -- The human contribution to Earth's climate system -- Measuring atmospheric temperature -- Earth's climate regimes -- 3. The slid Earth. Earth materials -- Elements, atoms and atomic structure -- Minerals -- Rock-forming silicates -- Mineral identification -- Rocks -- Rock defects -- Earth's deep interior and plate tectonics -- Geological time -- Age of Earth -- Minerals, cancer and OSHA: fact and fiction -- Exotic terranes: a continental mosaic -- Discovering plate tectonics -- A rock collection -- 4. Earthquakes and human activities. The nature of earthquakes -- Locating the epicenter - Earthquake measurement -- Falt creep, the "nonearthquake" -- Forensic use of seismic records -- Seismic design consideration -- Groundshaking -- Landslides -- Ground or foundation failure -- Ground rupture and changes in ground level -- Fires -- Tsunamis -- Five earthquakes that make a point -- Gujatat, India, 2001 -- Alaska, 2002 -- Colima, Mexico, 2003 -- Sumatra, 2004 -- Northridge, California, 1994 -- What we can learn -- Does earthquake country include Idaho, Missuri and New York? The Pacific northwest -- Prediction -- Forecasts -- Statistical approach -- Geological Methods -- Mitigation -- Survival tips -- Before an earthquake -- During an earthquake -- After an earthquake -- Earthquakes, landslides and disease -- Predictable "future shocks" -- Rx for failed freeways -- Depressed tigers, restless turtles and earthquakes! -- Earthquakes are hard on cars -- 5. Volcanoes. Who should worry -- The nature of the problem -- Types of eruptions and volcanic cones -- Effusive eruptions -- Explosive eruptions -- Benefits of volcanic action -- Geothermal energy -- Volcanic hazards -- Lava flows -- Ashfalls -- Pyroclastic flows -- Lahars -- Tsunamis -- Wheather and climate -- Gases -- Mitigation and prediction -- Diversion -- Volcano hazard zones and risk -- Eruption forecasting -- What to do when an eruption occurs -- New Zealand's blast in the past, a skifield and fluidization -- Montserrat, paradise lost -- Volcanoes and Earth's climate -- Carbon dioxide, earthquakes and the Los Angeles water supply -- Volcanic CO2 and fountaining lakes -- Volcanic wondeers -- 6. Weathering, soils and erosion. Weathering -- Phsical weathering -- Chemical weathering -- Geological features of weathering -- Soils - Soil genesis -- Soil profile -- Soil color and texture -- Soil classification -- Soil problems -- Soil erosion -- Expansive soils -- Permafrost -- Settlement -- Other soil problems -- Salinization and waterlogging -- General patton's soils decades later -- Rx for contaminated soils -- Climate change: the effects on weathering and erosion -- Soils as an album of history -- 7. Mass wasting and subsidence. Classifying mass movements -- Flows -- Types of flows -- Causes, behavior and prediction of debris flows -- Lanslides that move as a unit -- Types -- Falls -- Lateral spreading -- The mechanics of slides: a matter of balance -- Reducing losses from mass wasting -- Landslide hazard zonation -- Building codes and regulations -- Control and stabilization -- Water drainage and control -- Excavation and redistribution -- Retaining devices -- Mitigating debris flows -- Snow avalanches -- Subsidence -- Human-induced subsidence -- Natural subsidence -- A classification of subsidence -- Mitigaton of subsidence -- Dynamic real estate in oregon -- Colorado's slumgullon ladslide: a moving story 300 years old -- When the trees come down, so do the hills -- A rescue plan for Venice? -- Water, water everywhere -- Slip, slide and fall -- 8. Freshwater resources. Water as a resource -- Freshwater at Earth¡s surface -- Rivers -- Lakes -- Freshwater underground -- Groundwater supply -- Location and distribution -- Static water table -- Pressurized underground water -- Groundwater storage and management -- Groundwater mining -- Groundwater-salwater interaction -- Groundwater-surface water interaction and sage trends -- Geological work by underground water -- Water quality -- Dissolved substances -- Groundwater pollutants -- Conservation and alternative sources -- Who shrank the aral sea? -- Fluid flow in popus rocks -- Groundwater law -- The Edwards aquifer, a Texas Bonanza -- Long island, New York-Salwater or freshwater for the futre? -- Groundwater wonders -- 9. Hydrologic hazards at the Earth's surface. Weather and climate -- Types and climate -- Types of floods -- Impacts of floods -- River systems -- Stream features -- When there is too much water -- Flod measurement -- Flood frequency -- Mitigation -- Options -- When ice melts and moves -- The Nile river - Three cubits between security and disaster -- New Orleans: the flood happens -- A very wet fall -- The impermeable flood -- 10. Coastal environments and humans. Wind waves -- Waves in deep water and at the shore -- Wave refraction -- Impulsively generated waves -- Tsunamis -- Shorelines -- Beaches -- Hurricanes, Nor'easters and coastal effects -- 10.1. Tsunami: a quarter million perish -- 10.2. Distant tsunamis: The silent threat -- A moving experience -- 10.3. A moving experience -- 10.4. Karina: how could it ve so bad? -- Reminders of Nature's force -- 11. Glaciation and long-term climate change. Glaciers and society -- Origin and distribution of glaciers -- Glacier budget -- Glacial features -- Effects of glaciation -- Distribution of soils -- Groundwater resources -- Sea-level changes -- Isostatic rebound -- Human transportation routes -- Pleistocene lakes -- Breaking the ice: evidence of climate change -- Glaciation and climate change -- Changes in modern glaciers -- Today's global warming -- Evidence of global warming -- Consequiences of global warming -- Causes of today's global warming -- And what of the future? -- Conbating global warming -- Geoengineering and climate change -- 11.1. A summer on ice: research on the Greenland ice sheet -- 11.2. Climate data on ice: the national ice core laboratory -- 11.3. Where are the wild things? -- 11.4. Cap-and-trade -- 11.5. Medieval warming, english wine and the Atlantic flip-flop -- Glacial wonders and climate change -- 12. Arid land, winds and desertification. Wind as a geological agent in deserts -- Arid lands, dust storms and human health -- Deserts -- Kinds of deserts -- Desertification -- 12.1. Desertification swalloning China? -- 12.2. Geology, qanats and the water supply in arid regions -- 12.3. Arroyo cutting and environmental change in the western United States: climate or overgrazing? -- Desert oddities -- 13. Mineral resources and society. Mineral abundances and distributio -- Economic mineral concentration -- Factors that change reserves -- Distribution of mineral resources -- Origins of mineral deposits -- Igneous processes -- Sedimentary processes -- Deep-ocean precipitation -- Placer deposits -- Weathering processes -- Metamorphc processes -- Metallic mineral reserves -- Nonmetallic mineral reserves -- Mineral resources for the future minig and its environmental impacts -- Impacts of coal mining -- Impacts of underground minig -- Impacts of surface mining -- Impacts of mineral processing -- Mine-land reclamation -- Surface and groundwater protection - Mill and smelter waste contamination -- Reegetation and wildlife restoration -- The future of minig -- Mining legislation in the United States -- 13.1. A wounded mountain spews poison - 13.2. Reclamation of open-pit coal mines -- 13.3. Acid mine drainage and Earth systems - 13.4. Cleaning up a century of hardrock mining: the abandoned mine lands initiative -- 13.5. Rare Earths and green cars -- The legacy of mines and nining -- 14. Energy and te environment. Petroleum -- Origin and accuulation of hydrocrbon deposits - Geological traps: oil and gas stop here -- Oil production -- Quality and price -- Reserves and the future for oil -- Energy gases and the future – Natural gas – Coal-bed methane – Methane hydrates – Hydrogen – Coal – Coalification and rand – Reserves and production – Clean coal: IGCC and CCS – Unconventional fossil fuels – Tar sands – Oil shale – Problems of fossil-fuel combustion – Air pollution – Mine collapse – Beyond petroleum: alternatives for the future – Kicking the carbon habit – Nuclear energy – Hydroelectric energy – Geothermal energy – Direct solar energy – Indirect solar energy – Energy from the sea – An energy conclusion – 14.1. Industry cracks open a New oil source in the gulf of Mexico – 14.2. Tight gas and oil – 14.3. Baking soda, vinegar and acid rain – 14.4. Geothermal energy, volcanoes and magma – 14.5. Feed-in tariffs – Energy is where you find it – 15. Waste management and geology. Municipal waste disposal – Municipal waste disposal methods – Problems of municipal waste isolation – The completed landfill – Recycling – Multiple land-use strategies – hazardous-waste disposal – Hazardous-waste disposal methods – Superfund – Nuclear-waste disposal – Types of nuclear waste – Isolation of nuclear waste – Nuclear waste and yucca mountain – Starting over – Health and safety standards for nuclear waste – Is their a future for nuclear energy? – Private sewage disposal – 15.1. The sociology of waste disposal – 15.2. The highest point between Maine and Florida – 15.3. Deep-well injection and human-caused earthquakes – 15.4. Love canal: a precedent in human-caused environmental pollution – 15.5. Radon and indoor air pollution – W
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