Kinetics 1-chloro-2 , 4-dinitrobenzene 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone Ab initio density functional theories (DFT) Amines Amino acids Animalia Animals Aprotic solvents Argentina Aromatic nucleophilic substitution Aromatization Article Basis set superposition errors Biomarkers Calculations Continuum mechanics Copyrights Density functional theory Dimer nucleophile mechanisms Dimers Environmental Monitoring Female gastropods Freshwater systems Gastropoda Hydrochloric acid Hydrogen Hydrogen bonds Kinetic theory Mollusca