Austempered ductile iron Austempered ductile irons Cathodic arc deposition Coatings Ductility Friction Physical vapor deposition Rolling contact fatigue Titanium nitride Ball bearings Coating delamination Compositional gradients Compressive residual stress Contact pressures Crystallite size Delamination Deposition Failure mechanism Fatigue of materials Fine-grained microstructure Hardness Hardness and elastic modulus Ion implantation Ions Nitrogen Nitrogen plasma Plasma based ion implantation and deposition Residual stresses Spalling Statistic analysis