Zinc Transport cross-section Valence electron Energy dissipation Friedel sum rule Stopping power Condensed matter physics Heavy ions Inner shell Ions Measurements of Valence electrons Approximation theory Energy loss Helium Ion beams Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy Theoretical study Ab initio calculations Atomic force microscopy Atomic numbers Atomic physics Atoms Backscattering Band structure Bound electrons Cross section Crystal atomic structure Crystal impurities Dielectric materials