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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"><identifier>I28-R156-filodigital-2569</identifier><datestamp>2022-05-17T14:17:52Z</datestamp>
<dc:title>The Feminization of Employment and Precarious Work in Globalized Latin American Agriculture</dc:title>
<dc:title>Feminización del empleo y trabajo precario en las agriculturas latinoamericanas globalizadas</dc:title>
<dc:title>Feminização do emprego e trabalho precário nas agriculturas latino-americanas globalizadas</dc:title>
<dc:creator>Valdés Subercaseaux, Ximena</dc:creator>
<dc:contributor/>
<dc:contributor/>
<dc:contributor/>
<dc:subject>Agriculture</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Feminization</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Labor precarity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Globalization</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Poverty</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Agricultura</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Feminización</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Precarización laboral</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Globalización</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Pobreza</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Agricultura</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Feminização</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Precarização do trabalho</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Globalização</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Pobreza</dc:subject>
<dc:description>The precarious character of temporary employment of female agricultural workers was analyzed in case studies in seven Latin American countries carried out by FAO-ECLAC-ILO during 2011 and 2012, for which I was responsible for the conclusions. The findings of these studies were compared with research under our responsibility carried out in the context of two FONDECYT projects. This fact allowed us to not only explain the process of feminization of the labor markets, but also to understand the nature of wage earning, migratory strategies to extend the time of wage earning, the place of women in export agriculture as well as identity changes caused by modernization and globalization processes that have occurred in Latin America under neoliberalism. The article approaches work conditions and labor migrations, and it concludes with the analysis of the opposite side of labor precarity: anti-poverty social policies. These policies express a contradiction between governments that abandon the principle of welfare enabling labor laws that, through employment flexibilization, reproduce poverty, while in turn those same States attempt to mitigate poverty through transferring financial resources to precarious workers strongly marked by their gender, ethnicity and nationality.</dc:description>
<dc:description>El carácter precario del empleo temporal de las asalariadas agrícolas fue analizado en los estudios de caso realizados en siete países latinoamericanos por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO), la Comisión Económica para América latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) y la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) (FAO-CEPAL-OIT, 2012), cuyas conclusiones estuvieron a mi cargo. Los hallazgos de dichos estudios fueron contrastados con investigaciones bajo nuestra responsabilidad realizadas en el marco de dos proyectos FONDECYT (Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Técnico). Ello nos permitió no sólo interpretar los procesos de feminización de los mercados de trabajo sino también comprender la naturaleza de la asalarización, las estrategias migratorias para alargar el tiempo de percepción de salario y el lugar de las mujeres en la agricultura de exportación junto a los cambios identitarios causados por los procesos de modernización y globalización que se han dado en Latinoamérica bajo el neoliberalismo. El artículo aborda las condiciones de trabajo y las migraciones laborales; concluyendo con el análisis de la contra-cara de la precarización laboral que se da a través de las políticas sociales antipobreza. En ellas se expresa la contradicción entre Estados que abandonan el principio de bienestar permitiendo leyes laborales que, al flexibilizar el empleo, reproducen la pobreza; mientras esos mismos Estados tratan de mitigarla con transferencias de recursos a asalariados precarios fuertemente marcados por su condición de género, etnia y nacionalidad.</dc:description>
<dc:description>O caráter precário do emprego temporário das assalariadas agrícolas foi analisado nos estudos de caso de sete países latino-americanos realizados pela FAO-CEPAL-OIT entre os anos de 2011 e 2012, cujas conclusões estiveram sob minha responsabilidade. Os principais resultados dos referidos estudos foram contrastados com pesquisas de nossa incumbência, realizadas dentro do marco de dois projetos FONDECYT. Isso nos permitiu não só interpretar os processos de feminização dos mercados de trabalho, como também compreender a natureza da “assalariação”, as estratégias migratórias para estender o tempo de percepção de salário, o lugar das mulheres na agricultura de exportação em associação com as mudanças identitárias provocadas pelo processo de modernização e a globalização que se deu na América Latina sob o neoliberalismo. O artigo aborda as condições de emprego e as migrações por motivo de trabalho. Finaliza analisando a outra faceta da precarização do trabalho que se dá através das políticas sociais “antipobreza”, em que se expressa a contradição entre Estados que abandonam o principio do bem-estar permitindo leis trabalhistas que, ao flexibilizar o emprego, reproduzem a pobreza enquanto esses mesmos Estados tratam de combatê-la com transferências de recursos a assalariados precários fortemente marcados por sua condição de gênero, etnia e nacionalidade.</dc:description>
<dc:description>Fil: Valdés Subercaseaux, Ximena. Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano. Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo de la Mujer (CEDEM); México.</dc:description>
<dc:description>Para acceder al Artículo utilice el link: http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/CAS/article/view/1595</dc:description>
<dc:date>2016-10-04T22:29:32Z</dc:date>
<dc:date>2016-10-04T22:29:32Z</dc:date>
<dc:date>2015-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
<dc:type>info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo</dc:type>
<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
<dc:identifier>http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/CAS/article/view/1595</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>http://repositorio.filo.uba.ar/handle/filodigital/2569</dc:identifier>
<dc:language>es</dc:language>
<dc:language>spa</dc:language>
<dc:relation>http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/CAS/article/view/1595/1521</dc:relation>
<dc:rights>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</dc:rights>
<dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
<dc:publisher>Cuadernos de antropología social</dc:publisher>
<dc:source>1850-275x</dc:source>
<dc:source>0327-3776</dc:source>
<dc:source>Cuadernos de antropología social; núm. 41 (2015); 39-54</dc:source>
</oai_dc:dc>
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"title": "The Feminization of Employment and Precarious Work in Globalized Latin American Agriculture",
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"I28-R156-filodigital-25692022-05-17T14:17:52Z The Feminization of Employment and Precarious Work in Globalized Latin American Agriculture Feminizaci\u00f3n del empleo y trabajo precario en las agriculturas latinoamericanas globalizadas Feminiza\u00e7\u00e3o do emprego e trabalho prec\u00e1rio nas agriculturas latino-americanas globalizadas Vald\u00e9s Subercaseaux, Ximena Agriculture Feminization Labor precarity Globalization Poverty Agricultura Feminizaci\u00f3n Precarizaci\u00f3n laboral Globalizaci\u00f3n Pobreza Agricultura Feminiza\u00e7\u00e3o Precariza\u00e7\u00e3o do trabalho Globaliza\u00e7\u00e3o Pobreza The precarious character of temporary employment of female agricultural workers was analyzed in case studies in seven Latin American countries carried out by FAO-ECLAC-ILO during 2011 and 2012, for which I was responsible for the conclusions. The findings of these studies were compared with research under our responsibility carried out in the context of two FONDECYT projects. This fact allowed us to not only explain the process of feminization of the labor markets, but also to understand the nature of wage earning, migratory strategies to extend the time of wage earning, the place of women in export agriculture as well as identity changes caused by modernization and globalization processes that have occurred in Latin America under neoliberalism. The article approaches work conditions and labor migrations, and it concludes with the analysis of the opposite side of labor precarity: anti-poverty social policies. These policies express a contradiction between governments that abandon the principle of welfare enabling labor laws that, through employment flexibilization, reproduce poverty, while in turn those same States attempt to mitigate poverty through transferring financial resources to precarious workers strongly marked by their gender, ethnicity and nationality. El car\u00e1cter precario del empleo temporal de las asalariadas agr\u00edcolas fue analizado en los estudios de caso realizados en siete pa\u00edses latinoamericanos por la Organizaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentaci\u00f3n y la Agricultura (FAO), la Comisi\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica para Am\u00e9rica latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) y la Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) (FAO-CEPAL-OIT, 2012), cuyas conclusiones estuvieron a mi cargo. Los hallazgos de dichos estudios fueron contrastados con investigaciones bajo nuestra responsabilidad realizadas en el marco de dos proyectos FONDECYT (Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y T\u00e9cnico). Ello nos permiti\u00f3 no s\u00f3lo interpretar los procesos de feminizaci\u00f3n de los mercados de trabajo sino tambi\u00e9n comprender la naturaleza de la asalarizaci\u00f3n, las estrategias migratorias para alargar el tiempo de percepci\u00f3n de salario y el lugar de las mujeres en la agricultura de exportaci\u00f3n junto a los cambios identitarios causados por los procesos de modernizaci\u00f3n y globalizaci\u00f3n que se han dado en Latinoam\u00e9rica bajo el neoliberalismo. El art\u00edculo aborda las condiciones de trabajo y las migraciones laborales; concluyendo con el an\u00e1lisis de la contra-cara de la precarizaci\u00f3n laboral que se da a trav\u00e9s de las pol\u00edticas sociales antipobreza. En ellas se expresa la contradicci\u00f3n entre Estados que abandonan el principio de bienestar permitiendo leyes laborales que, al flexibilizar el empleo, reproducen la pobreza; mientras esos mismos Estados tratan de mitigarla con transferencias de recursos a asalariados precarios fuertemente marcados por su condici\u00f3n de g\u00e9nero, etnia y nacionalidad. O car\u00e1ter prec\u00e1rio do emprego tempor\u00e1rio das assalariadas agr\u00edcolas foi analisado nos estudos de caso de sete pa\u00edses latino-americanos realizados pela FAO-CEPAL-OIT entre os anos de 2011 e 2012, cujas conclus\u00f5es estiveram sob minha responsabilidade. Os principais resultados dos referidos estudos foram contrastados com pesquisas de nossa incumb\u00eancia, realizadas dentro do marco de dois projetos FONDECYT. Isso nos permitiu n\u00e3o s\u00f3 interpretar os processos de feminiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos mercados de trabalho, como tamb\u00e9m compreender a natureza da \u201cassalaria\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, as estrat\u00e9gias migrat\u00f3rias para estender o tempo de percep\u00e7\u00e3o de sal\u00e1rio, o lugar das mulheres na agricultura de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o em associa\u00e7\u00e3o com as mudan\u00e7as identit\u00e1rias provocadas pelo processo de moderniza\u00e7\u00e3o e a globaliza\u00e7\u00e3o que se deu na Am\u00e9rica Latina sob o neoliberalismo. O artigo aborda as condi\u00e7\u00f5es de emprego e as migra\u00e7\u00f5es por motivo de trabalho. Finaliza analisando a outra faceta da precariza\u00e7\u00e3o do trabalho que se d\u00e1 atrav\u00e9s das pol\u00edticas sociais \u201cantipobreza\u201d, em que se expressa a contradi\u00e7\u00e3o entre Estados que abandonam o principio do bem-estar permitindo leis trabalhistas que, ao flexibilizar o emprego, reproduzem a pobreza enquanto esses mesmos Estados tratam de combat\u00ea-la com transfer\u00eancias de recursos a assalariados prec\u00e1rios fortemente marcados por sua condi\u00e7\u00e3o de g\u00eanero, etnia e nacionalidade. Fil: Vald\u00e9s Subercaseaux, Ximena. Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano. Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo de la Mujer (CEDEM); M\u00e9xico. Para acceder al Art\u00edculo utilice el link: http:\/\/revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar\/index.php\/CAS\/article\/view\/1595 2016-10-04T22:29:32Z 2016-10-04T22:29:32Z 2015-07-30 info:eu-repo\/semantics\/publishedVersion info:ar-repo\/semantics\/art\u00edculo info:eu-repo\/semantics\/article http:\/\/revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar\/index.php\/CAS\/article\/view\/1595 http:\/\/repositorio.filo.uba.ar\/handle\/filodigital\/2569 es spa http:\/\/revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar\/index.php\/CAS\/article\/view\/1595\/1521 https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/ info:eu-repo\/semantics\/openAccess application\/pdf Cuadernos de antropolog\u00eda social 1850-275x 0327-3776 Cuadernos de antropolog\u00eda social; n\u00fam. 41 (2015); 39-54"
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