lithosphere plate tectonics 8 crustal deformation 6 finite element method 6 isostasy 6 numerical model 6 rheology 6 Andean orogeny 4 Andes 4 Deformation 4 Erosion 4 Finite elements 4 Isostasy 4 South America 4 Viscoplastic rheology 4 deformation 4 erosion 4 flexure 4 subduction zone 4 viscoplasticity 4 Altiplano 2 Altiplano-Puna 2 Central Africa 2 Crustal thickness 2 Different domains 2 Differential displacements 2 Displacement vectors 2 Elasto-visco-plastic rheology 2 Geodesy 2 Geodynamic process 2