Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system

This review considers recent evidence showing that cells in three regions of the reticu-lar activating system (RAS) exhibit gamma b activity, describes the mechanisms behind such manifestation. Specifically, we discuss how cells in the mesopontine peduncu-lopontine nucleus (PPN), intralaminar parafa...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Publicado: 2012
Materias:
Arousal
Calcium channels
Gamma b
Subthreshold oscillations
Acceso en línea:https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_16642295_vJAN_n_p_Urbano
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_16642295_vJAN_n_p_Urbano
Aporte de:
Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) de Universidad de Buenos Aires
id paper:paper_16642295_vJAN_n_p_Urbano
record_format dspace
spelling paper:paper_16642295_vJAN_n_p_Urbano2023-06-08T16:26:01Z Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system Arousal Calcium channels Gamma b Subthreshold oscillations This review considers recent evidence showing that cells in three regions of the reticu-lar activating system (RAS) exhibit gamma b activity, describes the mechanisms behind such manifestation. Specifically, we discuss how cells in the mesopontine peduncu-lopontine nucleus (PPN), intralaminar parafascicular nucleus (Pf), pontine subcoeruleus nucleus dorsalis (SubCD) all fire in the beta/gamma b range when maximally activated, but no higher.The mechanisms behind this ceiling effect have been recently elucidated.We describe recent findings showing that every cell in the PPN have high-threshold, voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channels that are essential, while N-type calcium channels are permissive, to gamma b activity. Every cell in the Pf also showed that P/Q-type N-type calcium channels are responsible for this activity. On the other h, every SubCD cell exhibited sodium-dependent subthreshold oscillations. A novel mechanism for sleep-wake control based on well-known transmitter interactions, electrical coupling, gamma b activity is described. The data presented here on inherent gamma b activity demonstrates the global nature of sleep-wake oscillation that is orchestrated by brainstem-thalamic mechanism, questions the undue importance given to the hypo-thalamus for regulation of sleep-wakefulness.The discovery of gamma b activity in the RAS follows recent reports of such activity in other subcortical regions like the hippocam-pus cerebellum. We hypothesize that, rather than participating in the temporal binding of sensory events as seen in the cortex, gamma b activity manifested in the RAS may help stabilize coherence related to arousal, providing a stable activation state during wak-ing paradoxical sleep. Most of our thoughts actions are driven by pre-conscious processes. We speculate that continuous sensory input will induce gamma b activity in the RAS that could participate in the processes of pre-conscious awareness, provide the essential stream of information for the formulation of many of our actions.Copyright © 2012 Urbano, Kezunovic, Hyde, Simon, Beck Garcia-Rill. 2012 https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_16642295_vJAN_n_p_Urbano http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_16642295_vJAN_n_p_Urbano
institution Universidad de Buenos Aires
institution_str I-28
repository_str R-134
collection Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA)
topic Arousal
Calcium channels
Gamma b
Subthreshold oscillations
spellingShingle Arousal
Calcium channels
Gamma b
Subthreshold oscillations
Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
topic_facet Arousal
Calcium channels
Gamma b
Subthreshold oscillations
description This review considers recent evidence showing that cells in three regions of the reticu-lar activating system (RAS) exhibit gamma b activity, describes the mechanisms behind such manifestation. Specifically, we discuss how cells in the mesopontine peduncu-lopontine nucleus (PPN), intralaminar parafascicular nucleus (Pf), pontine subcoeruleus nucleus dorsalis (SubCD) all fire in the beta/gamma b range when maximally activated, but no higher.The mechanisms behind this ceiling effect have been recently elucidated.We describe recent findings showing that every cell in the PPN have high-threshold, voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channels that are essential, while N-type calcium channels are permissive, to gamma b activity. Every cell in the Pf also showed that P/Q-type N-type calcium channels are responsible for this activity. On the other h, every SubCD cell exhibited sodium-dependent subthreshold oscillations. A novel mechanism for sleep-wake control based on well-known transmitter interactions, electrical coupling, gamma b activity is described. The data presented here on inherent gamma b activity demonstrates the global nature of sleep-wake oscillation that is orchestrated by brainstem-thalamic mechanism, questions the undue importance given to the hypo-thalamus for regulation of sleep-wakefulness.The discovery of gamma b activity in the RAS follows recent reports of such activity in other subcortical regions like the hippocam-pus cerebellum. We hypothesize that, rather than participating in the temporal binding of sensory events as seen in the cortex, gamma b activity manifested in the RAS may help stabilize coherence related to arousal, providing a stable activation state during wak-ing paradoxical sleep. Most of our thoughts actions are driven by pre-conscious processes. We speculate that continuous sensory input will induce gamma b activity in the RAS that could participate in the processes of pre-conscious awareness, provide the essential stream of information for the formulation of many of our actions.Copyright © 2012 Urbano, Kezunovic, Hyde, Simon, Beck Garcia-Rill.
title Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
title_short Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
title_full Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
title_fullStr Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
title_full_unstemmed Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
title_sort gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
publishDate 2012
url https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_16642295_vJAN_n_p_Urbano
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_16642295_vJAN_n_p_Urbano
_version_ 1768544465806426112

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