Diseño de estrategias de vacunación contra la Coriza Infecciosa en pollitos de engorde de un día de vida

Infectious Coryza (IC) is a bacterial disease distributed worldwide and caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, a bacterium affecting the upper respiratory tract of Gallus gallus. Clinical signs may spontaneously subside after a week, although it is commonly associated with other pathogenic agents th...

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Autor principal: Cigoy, María Luciana
Otros Autores: Chacana, Pablo Aníbal
Formato: Tesis doctoral acceptedVersion
Lenguaje:Español
Publicado: Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias 2023
Materias:
Coriza Infecciosa
Av. paragallinarum
Pollos de engorde
Subclínica
Subdiagnosticada
Protección vacunal
Infectious Coryza
Broilers
Subclinical
Underdiagnosed
Vaccine protection
Gallinas ponedoras
Enfermedades infecciosas
Enfermedades respiratorias
Vacunación
Ciencias Veterinarias
Acceso en línea:http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_8028
https://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_8028.dir/8028.PDF
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Repositorio Digital de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) de Universidad de Buenos Aires
id I28-R145-HWA_8028
record_format dspace
institution Universidad de Buenos Aires
institution_str I-28
repository_str R-145
collection Repositorio Digital de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)
language Español
orig_language_str_mv spa
topic Coriza Infecciosa
Av. paragallinarum
Pollos de engorde
Subclínica
Subdiagnosticada
Protección vacunal
Infectious Coryza
Av. paragallinarum
Broilers
Subclinical
Underdiagnosed
Vaccine protection
Gallinas ponedoras
Enfermedades infecciosas
Enfermedades respiratorias
Vacunación
Ciencias Veterinarias
spellingShingle Coriza Infecciosa
Av. paragallinarum
Pollos de engorde
Subclínica
Subdiagnosticada
Protección vacunal
Infectious Coryza
Av. paragallinarum
Broilers
Subclinical
Underdiagnosed
Vaccine protection
Gallinas ponedoras
Enfermedades infecciosas
Enfermedades respiratorias
Vacunación
Ciencias Veterinarias
Cigoy, María Luciana
Diseño de estrategias de vacunación contra la Coriza Infecciosa en pollitos de engorde de un día de vida
topic_facet Coriza Infecciosa
Av. paragallinarum
Pollos de engorde
Subclínica
Subdiagnosticada
Protección vacunal
Infectious Coryza
Av. paragallinarum
Broilers
Subclinical
Underdiagnosed
Vaccine protection
Gallinas ponedoras
Enfermedades infecciosas
Enfermedades respiratorias
Vacunación
Ciencias Veterinarias
description Infectious Coryza (IC) is a bacterial disease distributed worldwide and caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, a bacterium affecting the upper respiratory tract of Gallus gallus. Clinical signs may spontaneously subside after a week, although it is commonly associated with other pathogenic agents that may worsen the disease and prolong its course. It has been mainly studied in laying hens, because the disease decreases the production of eggs. In broilers IC usually occurs as a subclinical infection and may cause economic losses due to growth retardation and condemnations, particularly when Av. paragallinarum is associated with other viral or bacterial agents. Infections may be underdiagnosed, due to the difficulties to isolate the pathogen, which requires cultural and incubation conditions that are not always available in all diagnostic laboratories. Vaccination is the main prophylactic tool, although only breeders and laying hens are vaccinated by parenteral administration of bacterins. In contrast, broilers are not vaccinated because handling maneuvers of birds to give parenteral booster doses could negatively impact on the weight gain. Therefore, the aim of this Thesis was to design vaccination strategies for controlling IC in broiler chickens by giving a single dose at the 1st day of life. An enriched broth was formulated allowing to yield Av. paragallinarum in the range of 108 CFU/L. Two independent trials were performed, in which birds were immunized at the 1st day of life and thereafter challenged by injection into one infraorbital sinuses at the 30th day of life. Firstly, the outcome of separately injecting both adjuvants, alone or combined with antigens, was evaluated in a model of persistence of infection achieved with low challenge doses of Av. paragallinarum (104 CFU/bird). There were no significant differences among the isolation rates of the pathogen or the clinical symptoms of the disease, showing that no deleterious effects related to the use of adjuvants were registered. Using an infection model of higher challenge doses (105 CFU/bird) another trial was carried out to evaluate protection by comparing bacterins routes. The efficacy of three vaccination strategies was evaluated: ocular instillation, subcutaneous injection and simultaneous administration by both routes. There were no significant differences among the weights of the birds from the different experimental groups, including the unchallenged control group, suggesting that handling of birds to carry out vaccination at the first day of life, did not affect the subsequent weight gain. Moreover, no deleterious effects were caused by the adjuvants or the bacterins. Vaccination at the first day of life in broilers was shown to be effective when the ocular instillation dose was administered together with the subcutaneous injection. This strategy of double vaccination route, provided a high protection rate (77.8%) and only 22.2% of Av. paragallinarum isolation rates from sinuses could be recorded, together with a remission of the typical lesions of the disease, which ranged from an initial 55.6% up to nil at the 7th day post-challenge. In contrast, chicks that were only vaccinated by ocular instillation or by subcutaneous route were not protected and high Av. paragallinarum isolation rates were recorded. Determination of HI antibody titers were not possible, although the presence of agglutinating antibodies in serum was detected by microplate agglutination. The results of this Thesis proved that broiler chicken protection against IC, through vaccination at the 1st day of life, could be afforded by giving simultaneously ocular and subcutaneous bacterins. This broiler immunization strategy at the 1st day of life, could be used in hatcheries and also may be extended to laying hens and breeders, in order to protect birds from birth and to reduce constant reinfections that frequently occur when new flocks of birds are introduced and get infected by resident birds.
author2 Chacana, Pablo Aníbal
author_facet Chacana, Pablo Aníbal
Cigoy, María Luciana
format Tesis doctoral
Tesis doctoral
acceptedVersion
author Cigoy, María Luciana
author_sort Cigoy, María Luciana
title Diseño de estrategias de vacunación contra la Coriza Infecciosa en pollitos de engorde de un día de vida
title_short Diseño de estrategias de vacunación contra la Coriza Infecciosa en pollitos de engorde de un día de vida
title_full Diseño de estrategias de vacunación contra la Coriza Infecciosa en pollitos de engorde de un día de vida
title_fullStr Diseño de estrategias de vacunación contra la Coriza Infecciosa en pollitos de engorde de un día de vida
title_full_unstemmed Diseño de estrategias de vacunación contra la Coriza Infecciosa en pollitos de engorde de un día de vida
title_sort diseño de estrategias de vacunación contra la coriza infecciosa en pollitos de engorde de un día de vida
publisher Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
publishDate 2023
url http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_8028
https://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_8028.dir/8028.PDF
work_keys_str_mv AT cigoymarialuciana disenodeestrategiasdevacunacioncontralacorizainfecciosaenpollitosdeengordedeundiadevida
_version_ 1848652799709020160
spelling I28-R145-HWA_80282025-10-30 Infectious Coryza (IC) is a bacterial disease distributed worldwide and caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, a bacterium affecting the upper respiratory tract of Gallus gallus. Clinical signs may spontaneously subside after a week, although it is commonly associated with other pathogenic agents that may worsen the disease and prolong its course. It has been mainly studied in laying hens, because the disease decreases the production of eggs. In broilers IC usually occurs as a subclinical infection and may cause economic losses due to growth retardation and condemnations, particularly when Av. paragallinarum is associated with other viral or bacterial agents. Infections may be underdiagnosed, due to the difficulties to isolate the pathogen, which requires cultural and incubation conditions that are not always available in all diagnostic laboratories. Vaccination is the main prophylactic tool, although only breeders and laying hens are vaccinated by parenteral administration of bacterins. In contrast, broilers are not vaccinated because handling maneuvers of birds to give parenteral booster doses could negatively impact on the weight gain. Therefore, the aim of this Thesis was to design vaccination strategies for controlling IC in broiler chickens by giving a single dose at the 1st day of life. An enriched broth was formulated allowing to yield Av. paragallinarum in the range of 108 CFU/L. Two independent trials were performed, in which birds were immunized at the 1st day of life and thereafter challenged by injection into one infraorbital sinuses at the 30th day of life. Firstly, the outcome of separately injecting both adjuvants, alone or combined with antigens, was evaluated in a model of persistence of infection achieved with low challenge doses of Av. paragallinarum (104 CFU/bird). There were no significant differences among the isolation rates of the pathogen or the clinical symptoms of the disease, showing that no deleterious effects related to the use of adjuvants were registered. Using an infection model of higher challenge doses (105 CFU/bird) another trial was carried out to evaluate protection by comparing bacterins routes. The efficacy of three vaccination strategies was evaluated: ocular instillation, subcutaneous injection and simultaneous administration by both routes. There were no significant differences among the weights of the birds from the different experimental groups, including the unchallenged control group, suggesting that handling of birds to carry out vaccination at the first day of life, did not affect the subsequent weight gain. Moreover, no deleterious effects were caused by the adjuvants or the bacterins. Vaccination at the first day of life in broilers was shown to be effective when the ocular instillation dose was administered together with the subcutaneous injection. This strategy of double vaccination route, provided a high protection rate (77.8%) and only 22.2% of Av. paragallinarum isolation rates from sinuses could be recorded, together with a remission of the typical lesions of the disease, which ranged from an initial 55.6% up to nil at the 7th day post-challenge. In contrast, chicks that were only vaccinated by ocular instillation or by subcutaneous route were not protected and high Av. paragallinarum isolation rates were recorded. Determination of HI antibody titers were not possible, although the presence of agglutinating antibodies in serum was detected by microplate agglutination. The results of this Thesis proved that broiler chicken protection against IC, through vaccination at the 1st day of life, could be afforded by giving simultaneously ocular and subcutaneous bacterins. This broiler immunization strategy at the 1st day of life, could be used in hatcheries and also may be extended to laying hens and breeders, in order to protect birds from birth and to reduce constant reinfections that frequently occur when new flocks of birds are introduced and get infected by resident birds. Fil: Cigoy, María Luciana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Buenos Aires, Argentina Chacana, Pablo Aníbal Terzolo, Horacio Raúl Cigoy, María Luciana 2023-10-10 La Coriza Infecciosa (CI) es una enfermedad cosmopolita bacteriana causada por Avibacterium paragallinarum que afecta el tracto respiratorio superior de Gallus gallus. Remite espontáneamente a la semana; aunque es muy común su asociación con otros agentes patógenos que agravan el cuadro y prolongan su curso. Se ha estudiado principalmente en gallinas ponedoras y reproductores, debido a que genera reducción de la postura. En pollos de engorde suele cursar como una infección subclínica y puede producir pérdidas por retraso del crecimiento y descartes en pollos terminados, particularmente cuando Av. paragallinarum se asocia con otros agentes víricos o bacterianos. Muchas veces las infecciones pasan inadvertidas o son subdiagnosticadas, dado que para su aislamiento se requieren condiciones culturales y de incubación que no siempre están al alcance de todos los laboratorios de diagnóstico. La vacunación es la principal herramienta de prevención y solo se vacunan los reproductores y las gallinas ponedoras por administración parenteral, porque en los pollos de engorde las maniobras de manipulación en producción intensiva pueden impactar negativamente la ganancia de peso. Por ello, este trabajo de tesis tuvo como objetivo el diseño de estrategias de vacunación para el control de la CI utilizando una única dosis al primer día de vida en pollos de engorde. Para la producción de los antígenos vacunales de Av. paragallinarum se diseñó un caldo de crecimiento enriquecido y se obtuvieron concentraciones de la bacteria en el rango de 108 UFC/Litro. Se realizaron dos ensayos independientes, en los que las aves fueron inmunizadas al primer día de vida y desafiadas por inyección dentro de uno de los senos infraorbitarios a los 30 días de vida. Primero se evaluó el efecto de los adyuvantes utilizados con o sin el agregado de los antígenos, en un modelo de persistencia de la infección logrado con dosis bajas de desafío de Av. paragallinarum (104 UFC/ave). No se registraron diferencias significativas con relación al aislamiento del patógeno o a la sintomatología clínica de la enfermedad que pudieran haber indicado algún efecto deletéreo relacionado con el uso de los adyuvantes. Luego se efectuó otro ensayo para evaluar las vías de administración de las bacterinas con un modelo de infección de dosis altas de desafío (105 UFC/ave). Se evaluó la efectividad de tres estrategias de vacunación: por instilación ocular, inyección subcutánea y administración simultánea por ambas vías. No se registraron diferencias significativas entre los pesos de las aves de los distintos grupos experimentales ni respecto del grupo testigo, lo que sugiere que la manipulacion de las aves para llevar a cabo la vacunación al primer dia de vida no afectaría la ganancia de peso posterior. Tampoco se observaron efectos deletéreos debido a los adyuvantes o bacterinas utilizadas. Se demostró que la vacunación al primer día de vida en pollos de engorde, fue efectiva cuando se administró la dosis de instilación ocular al mismo tiempo que la inyección subcutánea. Esta estrategia de vacunación por doble vía, brindó un alto porcentaje de protección (77,8%) y además se registró solamente un 22,2% de aislamiento del patógeno y una remisión de las lesiones clásicas de la enfermedad desde un 55,6% inicial hasta un 0% a los 7 días post-desafío. En cambio, los pollitos BB vacunados solamente por instilación ocular o por inyección subcutánea, no fueron protegidos y se registró un elevado aislamiento del patógeno. La determinación de los títulos de anticuerpos humorales mediante HI no fue posible, aunque se observó la presencia de anticuerpos aglutinantes en suero mediante aglutinación en microplacas. Los resultados de esta Tesis demostraron, que es posible proteger a los pollos de engorde contra la CI mediante la vacunación al primer día de vida, administrando simultáneamente las bacterinas por las vías ocular y subcutánea. Esta estrategia de inmunización al primer día de vida es factible de ser aplicada en Plantas de Incubación y su utilización podría extenderse a gallinas ponedoras y reproductores, para proteger a las aves desde su nacimiento y disminuir las constantes reinfecciones que frecuentemente ocurren en las granjas cuando las nuevas partidas de aves se contagian de las aves residentes. application/pdf Coriza Infecciosa Av. paragallinarum Pollos de engorde Subclínica Subdiagnosticada Protección vacunal Infectious Coryza Av. paragallinarum Broilers Subclinical Underdiagnosed Vaccine protection spa Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ncnd/2.5/ar/ Gallinas ponedoras Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades respiratorias Vacunación Ciencias Veterinarias Doctora de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Ciencias Veterinarias Diseño de estrategias de vacunación contra la Coriza Infecciosa en pollitos de engorde de un día de vida info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis info:ar-repo/semantics/tesis doctoral info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_8028 https://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_8028.dir/8028.PDF

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