Kirkuk, ethnic minorities and the failure of the state-building process in Iraq

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Throughout the 20th century, the Iraqi state was captured by a narrow elite triggering intermittent rebellions and internal upheavals. The ensuing institutional disorder and the multiplicity of overlapping power structures in the country detrimentally affected the decision making process. Both proce...

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Autor principal: Castillo, Juan Carlos
Formato: Artículo revista
Lenguaje:Español
Publicado: Universidad Nacional de Rosario 2020
Materias:
Kurdos
Iraq
Gobierno Regional de Kurdistán
territorios en disputa
Kirkuk
Kurds
Kurdistan Regional Government
disputed territories
Acceso en línea:https://claroscuro.unr.edu.ar/index.php/revista/article/view/52
Aporte de:
Claroscuro de Universidad Nacional de Rosario
id I15-R225-article-52
record_format ojs
spelling I15-R225-article-522022-06-18T01:06:04Z Kirkuk, ethnic minorities and the failure of the state-building process in Iraq Kirkuk, minorías étnicas y el fracaso del proceso de construcción estatal en Iraq Castillo, Juan Carlos Kurdos Iraq Gobierno Regional de Kurdistán territorios en disputa Kirkuk Kurds Iraq Kurdistan Regional Government disputed territories Kirkuk Throughout the 20th century, the Iraqi state was captured by a narrow elite triggering intermittent rebellions and internal upheavals. The ensuing institutional disorder and the multiplicity of overlapping power structures in the country detrimentally affected the decision making process. Both processes prevented the evolution of local loyalties into a collective civic identity linked to the state. Furthermore, external interventions deepened internal contradictions and rivalries. Ethnic minorities, such as the Kurds, organized resistance movements demanding greater political representation and self-government. The government crushed the demands and turned the state into a representation of despotic power. Kurdish nationalism made of Kirkuk a central piece of its political foundations and the main demand against the various Iraqi governments. This paper argues that the dispute of multiethnic Kirkuk portrays the core failure of the Iraqi elite's at- tempts to build a coherent political unit in Iraq. The US invasion positioned Kirkuk as the central issue of Kurdish politics and Iraq's knotty problem, exacerbating factionalism and the ethnitization of political discourse. La captura del Estado iraquí por una pequeña elite derivó en sucesivas rebeliones y convulsiones internas desde su formación y a lo largo del siglo XX. El desorden institucional del país y la multiplicidad de estructuras de poder superpuestas afectaron el proceso de toma de decisiones. Ambos procesos impidieron la formación de una identidad colectiva cívica vinculada al Estado y en su lugar reforzaron las lealtades locales. Sumado a esto, la continua injerencia externa profundizó las contradicciones y rivalidades internas. Grupos étnicos, como los kurdos, organizaron movimientos de resistencia en demanda de mayor representación política y autogobierno. El gobierno respondió reprimiendo las demandas y convirtiendo al estado en la representación de un poder despótico. El nacionalismo kurdo hizo de Kirkuk una pieza central de sus fundamentos políticos y la principal reivindicación frente a los diversos gobiernos iraquíes. El artículo argumenta que la disputa alrededor de Kirkuk, con su composición multiétnica, representa el principal fracaso de las elites iraquíes en sus intentos por construir una unidad política coherente. La invasión estadounidense posicionó a Kirkuk como el asunto central de la política kurda y el tema más delicado de la política iraquí, exacerbando el faccionalismo y la etnitización del discurso político. Universidad Nacional de Rosario 2020-07-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://claroscuro.unr.edu.ar/index.php/revista/article/view/52 10.35305/cl.vi19.52 Claroscuro. Revista del Centro de Estudios sobre Diversidad Cultural; No. 19 (2020): Minorities in Asia and Africa; 1-24 Claroscuro. Revista del Centro de Estudios sobre Diversidad Cultural; Núm. 19 (2020): Minorías en Asia y África; 1-24 2314-0542 spa https://claroscuro.unr.edu.ar/index.php/revista/article/view/52/40 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
institution Universidad Nacional de Rosario
institution_str I-15
repository_str R-225
container_title_str Claroscuro
language Español
format Artículo revista
topic Kurdos
Iraq
Gobierno Regional de Kurdistán
territorios en disputa
Kirkuk
Kurds
Iraq
Kurdistan Regional Government
disputed territories
Kirkuk
spellingShingle Kurdos
Iraq
Gobierno Regional de Kurdistán
territorios en disputa
Kirkuk
Kurds
Iraq
Kurdistan Regional Government
disputed territories
Kirkuk
Castillo, Juan Carlos
Kirkuk, ethnic minorities and the failure of the state-building process in Iraq
topic_facet Kurdos
Iraq
Gobierno Regional de Kurdistán
territorios en disputa
Kirkuk
Kurds
Iraq
Kurdistan Regional Government
disputed territories
Kirkuk
author Castillo, Juan Carlos
author_facet Castillo, Juan Carlos
author_sort Castillo, Juan Carlos
title Kirkuk, ethnic minorities and the failure of the state-building process in Iraq
title_short Kirkuk, ethnic minorities and the failure of the state-building process in Iraq
title_full Kirkuk, ethnic minorities and the failure of the state-building process in Iraq
title_fullStr Kirkuk, ethnic minorities and the failure of the state-building process in Iraq
title_full_unstemmed Kirkuk, ethnic minorities and the failure of the state-building process in Iraq
title_sort kirkuk, ethnic minorities and the failure of the state-building process in iraq
description Throughout the 20th century, the Iraqi state was captured by a narrow elite triggering intermittent rebellions and internal upheavals. The ensuing institutional disorder and the multiplicity of overlapping power structures in the country detrimentally affected the decision making process. Both processes prevented the evolution of local loyalties into a collective civic identity linked to the state. Furthermore, external interventions deepened internal contradictions and rivalries. Ethnic minorities, such as the Kurds, organized resistance movements demanding greater political representation and self-government. The government crushed the demands and turned the state into a representation of despotic power. Kurdish nationalism made of Kirkuk a central piece of its political foundations and the main demand against the various Iraqi governments. This paper argues that the dispute of multiethnic Kirkuk portrays the core failure of the Iraqi elite's at- tempts to build a coherent political unit in Iraq. The US invasion positioned Kirkuk as the central issue of Kurdish politics and Iraq's knotty problem, exacerbating factionalism and the ethnitization of political discourse.
publisher Universidad Nacional de Rosario
publishDate 2020
url https://claroscuro.unr.edu.ar/index.php/revista/article/view/52
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first_indexed 2023-05-16T22:18:27Z
last_indexed 2023-05-16T22:18:27Z
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