Asociación entre el tipo de alimentación y alergias alimentarias en lactantes: estudio caso-control en Córdoba
Food allergies in early childhood represent a growing public health concern. During the first months of life, feeding practices may influence immune maturation and the risk of allergen sensitization. These adverse immune reactions significantly affect the quality of life and have a global preva...
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| Autores principales: | , , |
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| Formato: | Artículo revista |
| Lenguaje: | Español |
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Universidad Nacional Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Secretaria de Ciencia y Tecnología
2025
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| Acceso en línea: | https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/med/article/view/50532 |
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| Sumario: | Food allergies in early childhood represent a growing public health concern. During the first months of life, feeding practices may influence immune maturation and the risk of allergen sensitization. These adverse immune reactions significantly affect the quality of life and have a global prevalence ranging from 4% to 8% in the first years of life. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between feeding type and the development of food allergies in infants aged from 0 to 6 months who received care at the Hospital Privado Universitario of Córdoba between 2016 and 2024.
An observational, analytical, retrospective case-control study was conducted, including 50 cases with food allergies and 100 controls matched by age group (n=150). The identification and the selection of participants were carried out in collaboration with the Department of Pediatrics at the hospital, using non-probability convenience sampling and predefined inclusion criteria. Complete medical records with information on age, sex, and feeding type were included. The independent variable was the feeding type, and the dependent variable was the occurrence of food allergies. For the case group, feeding information corresponded to the period prior to the diagnosis of the food allergy.
Exclusive breastfeeding was reported in 14% of the cases group and 59% of the control group. The adjusted odds ratio indicated that infants who did not receive exclusive breastfeeding were eight times more likely to develop food allergies (aOR 8.14; 95% CI: 3.31–20.04; p<0.001).
These findings highlight the importance of promoting exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life as a preventive public health strategy.
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