Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and dietary patterns in adults from Córdoba-Argentina in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. However, the Group of Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer and other Chronic Diseases (GEACC) observed low adherence to it in the population of Córdoba-Argentina, describing the presence of other characteristic...
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Formato: | Artículo revista |
| Lenguaje: | Español |
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Universidad Nacional Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Secretaria de Ciencia y Tecnología
2023
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| Acceso en línea: | https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/med/article/view/42743 |
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| Sumario: | The Mediterranean diet (MD) is recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. However, the Group of Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer and other Chronic Diseases (GEACC) observed low adherence to it in the population of Córdoba-Argentina, describing the presence of other characteristic dietary patterns (DP), including the Prudent DP, which could have similar benefits. Objective: To analyze adherence to DM (ADM) and DP in participants of a Cardiovascular Prevention Program in Córdoba-Argentina and its effect on carotid total plaque area (TPA).
An observational study (n=120 persons, RePIS N°3884) (period: 2019-2022) was carried out. Inclusion criteria: age 35-75 years, absence of cardiovascular event, respiratory, hepatic, gastrointestinal, thyroid disease; GFR≥60mL/min/1.73m2 and HbA1c<7%. Food frequency was performed. ADM was calculated by Predimed score; ADM-high:≥10 points, ADM-medium:≥6-<10 points, ADM-low:≤5 points were categorized. Subsequently, adherence to DP was analyzed: Traditional, Sweet, Prudent, and Mixed (adherence to Prudent DP and to Traditional and/or Sweet DP). TPA (mm2), lipid and glycemic profile, SBP and DBP were determined. Descriptive analysis and generalized linear model/gamma distribution/link log/exponentiated coefficients(coefficientβ) were performed.
The mean age was 59±11 years, 63.3% were women, 85.8% were overweight (53.3% obese), 70.8% had high blood pressure, 27.5% had diabetes mellitus and 43.2% were at high cardiovascular risk according to Framingham. The averages of lipid and glycemic profile, SBP and DBP were in normal values. None of the patients had high ADM and 5% had medium adherence. Regarding the DPs identified by the GEACC, adherence was 11.2%, 19%, 17.2% and 52.3% to the Traditional, Sweet, Prudent and Mixed DPs, respectively. The TPA according to DP was: 27(99)mm2, 39(49)mm2, 0.0(36)mm2 and 27.5(58)mm2 respectively. Those who adhered to Traditional, Sweet and Mixed DP presented higher TPA with respect to DP-Prudent (coefβ:3.06;CI95%:1.05-8.88; coefβ:3.38;CI95%1.32-8.61 and coefβ:2.25;CI95%:1.001-5.06 respectively).
Low adherence to healthy DP was evident, although adherence to Prudent DP was relatively higher than adherence to DM. The Prudent DP detected in the population showed benefits in the prevention of CVD, assessed by TPA. It is essential to promote a healthy DP as an effective tool for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. |
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