Stem water storage and diurnal patterns of water use in tropical forest canopy trees
Stem water storage capacity and diurnal patterns of water use were studied in five canopy trees of a seasonal tropical forest in Panama. Sap flow was measured simultaneously at the top and at the base of each tree using constant energy input thermal probes inserted in the sapwood. The daily stem sto...
Guardado en:
| Autor principal: | |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | , , , , , |
| Formato: | Capítulo de libro |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
1998
|
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Registro en Scopus DOI Handle Registro en la Biblioteca Digital |
| Aporte de: | Registro referencial: Solicitar el recurso aquí |
| Sumario: | Stem water storage capacity and diurnal patterns of water use were studied in five canopy trees of a seasonal tropical forest in Panama. Sap flow was measured simultaneously at the top and at the base of each tree using constant energy input thermal probes inserted in the sapwood. The daily stem storage capacity was calculated by comparing the diurnal patterns of basal and crown sap flow. The amount of water withdrawn from storage and subsequently replaced daily ranged from 4 kg d-1 in a 0.20-m-diameter individual of Cecropia longipes to 54 kg d-1 in a 1-02-m-diameter individual of Anacardium excelsum, representing 9-15% of the total daily water loss, respectively. Ficus insipida, Luehea seemannii and Spondias mombin had intermediate diurnal water storage capacities. Trees with greater storage capacity maintained maximum rates of transpiration for a substantially longer fraction of the day than trees with smaller water storage capacity. All five trees conformed to a common linear relationship between diurnal storage capacity and basal sapwood area, suggesting that this relationship was species-independent and size-specific for trees at the study site. According to this relationship there was an increment of 10 kg of diurnal water storage capacity for every 0.1 m2 increase in basal sapwood area. The diurnal withdrawal of water from, and refill of, internal stores was a dynamic process, tightly coupled to fluctuations in environmental conditions. The variations in basal and crown sap flow were more synchronized after 1100 h when internal reserves were mostly depleted. Stem water storage may partially compensate for increases in axial hydraulic resistance with tree size and thus play an important role in regulating the water status of leaves exposed to the large diurnal variations in evaporative demand that occur in the upper canopy of seasonal lowland tropical forests. |
|---|---|
| Bibliografía: | Andrade, J.L., Meinzer, F.C., Goldstein, G., Holbrook, N.M., Cavelier, J., Jackson, P., Silvera, K., Regulation of water flux through trunks, branches, and leaves in trees of a lowland tropical forest (1998) Oecologia, , in press Brokaw, N.V.L., Treefalls: Frequency, timing and consequences (1982) The Ecology of a Tropical Forest: Seasonal Rhythms and Long-term Changes, pp. 101-108. , (eds E.G. Leigh, S. Rand & DM Windsor), Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC Dixon, M.A., Grace, J., Tyree, M.T., Concurrent measurements of stem density, leaf and stem water potential, stomatal conductance and cavitation on a sapling of Thuja occidentalis L (1984) Plant, Cell and Environment, 7, pp. 615-618 Dye, P.J., Soko, S., Poulter, A.G., Evaluation of the heat pulse velocity method for measuring sap flow in Pinus patula (1996) Journal of Experimental Botany, 47, pp. 975-981 Franco-Vizcaino, E., Goldstein, G., Ting, I.P., Comparative gas exchange of leaves and bark in three stem succulents of Baja California (1990) American Journal of Botany, 77, pp. 1272-1278 Goldstein, G., Meinzer, F., Monasterio, M., The role of capacitance in the water balance of Andean giant rosette species (1984) Plant Cell and Environment, 7, pp. 179-186 Granier, A., Evaluation of transpiration in a Douglas-fir stand by means of sap flow measurements (1987) Tree Physiology, 3, pp. 309-320 Holbrook, N.M., Stem water Storage (1995) Plant Stems: Physiology and Functional Morphology, pp. 151-174. , (ed. B.L. Gartner), Academic Press, San Diego Holbrook, N.M., Sinclair, T.R., Water balance in the arborescent palm, Sabal palmetto. I. Stem structure, tissue water release properties and leaf epidermal conductance (1992) Plant Cell and Environment, 15, pp. 393-399 Holbrook, N.M., Sinclair, T.R., Water balance in the arborescent palm, Sabal palmetto. II. Transpiration and stem water storage (1992) Plant Cell and Environment, 15, pp. 401-409 Jarvis, P.G., Water transfer in plants (1975) Heat and Mass Transfer in the Environment of Vegetation, pp. 369-394. , (eds D.A. deVries & N.K. van Alfen), Scripta Books, Washington D.C Loustau, D., Berbigier, P., Roumagnac, P., Arruda-Pacheco, C., David, J.S., Ferreira, M.I., Pereira, J.S., Tavares, R., Transpiration of a 64-year-old maritime pine stand in Portugal. 1. Seasonal course of water flux through maritime pine (1996) Oecologia, 107, pp. 33-42 Meinzer, F., Goldstein, G., Adaptations for water and thermal balance in Andean giant rosette plants (1986) On the Economy of Plant Form and Function, pp. 381-411. , (ed. T.M. Givnish), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Meinzer, F.C., Goldstein, G., Holbrook, N.M., Jackson, P., Cavelier, J., Stomatal and environmental control of transpiration in a lowland tropical forest tree (1993) Plant, Cell and Environment, 16, pp. 429-436 Mencuccini, M., Grace, J., Developmental patterns of above-ground hydraulic conductance in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) age sequence (1996) Plant, Cell and Environment, 19, pp. 939-948 Nilsen, E.T., Sharifi, M.R., Rundel, P.W., Forseth, I.N., Ehleringer, J.R., Water relations of stem succulent trees in north-central Baja California (1990) Oecologia, 82, pp. 299-303 Nobel, P.S., Jordan, P.W., Transpiration stream of desert species: Resistances and capacitances for a C3, a C4, and a CAM plant (1983) Journal of Experimental Botany, 34, pp. 1379-1391 Putz, F.E., Milton, K., Tree mortality rates on Barro Colorado Island (1982) The Ecology of a Tropical Forest: Seasonal Rhythms and Long-term Changes, pp. 95-100. , (eds E.G. Leigh, S. Rand & D.M. Windsor), Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C Ryan, M.G., Yoder, B.J., Hydraulic limits to tree height and tree growth (1997) Bioscience, 47, pp. 235-242 Schulze, E.-D., Cermak, J., Matyssek, R., Penka, M., Zimmermann, R., Vasicek, F., Gries, W., Kucera, J., Canopy transpiration and water fluxes in the xylem of the trunk of Larix and Picea trees - A comparison of xylem flow, porometer and cuvette measurements (1985) Oecologia, 66, pp. 475-483 Tyree, M.T., Jarvis, P.G., Water in tissues and cells (1982) Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, 12 B, pp. 35-77. , (eds O. Lange, P.S. Nobel, C.B. Osmond and H. Ziegler), Springer-Verlag, Berlin Tyree, M.T., Yang, S., Water storage capacity of Thuja, Tsuga and Acer stems measured by dehydration isotherms: The contribution of capillary water and cavitation (1990) Planta, 182, pp. 420-426 Waring, R.H., Running, S.W., Sapwood water storage: Its contribution to transpiration and effect upon water conductance through the stems of old-growth Douglas-fir (1978) Plant, Cell and Environment, 1, pp. 131-140 Waring, R.H., Sylvester, W.B., Variation in foliar 13C values within the crowns of Pinus radiata trees (1994) Tree Physiology, 14, pp. 1203-1213 Waring, R.H., Whitehead, D., Jarvis, P.G., The contribution of stored water to transpiration in Scots pine (1979) Plant, Cell and Environment, 2, pp. 309-317 Zang, D., Beadle, C.L., White, D.A., Variation of sapflow velocity in Eucalyptus globulus with position in sapwood and use of a correction coefficient (1996) Tree Physiology, 16, pp. 697-703 Zimmermann, M.H., (1983) Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap, , Springer-Verlag, Berlin |
| ISSN: | 01407791 |
| DOI: | 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00273.x |