An introduction to seismology, earthquakes and earth structure /

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal:	Stein, Seth
Otros Autores:	Wysession, Michael
Formato:	Desconocido
Lenguaje:	Español
Publicado:	Malden : Blackwell, 2011.
Edición:	11th ed.
Materias:	Geología Sismología
Aporte de:	Registro referencial: Solicitar el recurso aquí Sistema de Bibliotecas UNRN de Universidad Nacional de Río Negro

Tabla de Contenidos:

1. Introduction. 1.1.1. Overview
1.1.2. Models in seismology
1.2. Seismology and society
1.2.1. Seismic hazards and risks
1.2.2. Engineering seismology and earthquake engineering
1.2.3. Highways, bridges, dams and pipelines
1.2.4. Tsunamis, ladslides and soil liquefaction
1.2.5. Earthquake forecasting
1.2.6. Earghquake prediction
1.2.7. Real-time warnings
1.2.8. Nuclear monitoring and treaty verification
2. Basic Seismological Theory. 2.1. Introduction
2.2. Waves on a string
2.2.1. Theory
2.2.2. Harmonic wave solution
2.2.3. Reflection and transmission
2.2.4. Energy in a harmonic wave
2.2.5. Normal modes of a sring
2.3. Stress and strain
2.3.1. Introduction
2.3.2. Sress
2.3.3. Stress as a tensor
2.3.4. Principal stressses
2.3.5. Maximum shear stress and faulting
2.3.6. Deviatoric stresses
2.3.7. Equation of motion
2.3.8. Strain
2.3.9. constitutive equations
2.3.10. Boundary conditions
2.3.11. Strain energy
2.4. Seismic wavees
2.4.1. The seismic wave equation
2.4.2. Plane waves
2.4.3. spherical waves
2.4.4. P and S waves
2.4.5. Energy in a plane wave
2.5. Snell's law
2.5.1. The layered medium approximation
2.5.2. Plane wave potentials for a layered medum
2.5.3. Angle of incidence and apparent velocity
2.5.4. Snell's law
2.5.5. critical angle
2.5.6. Snell's law for SH slowness
2.5.8. Waveguides
2.5.9. Fermat's principle and geometric ray theory
2.5.10. Huygens'principle and diffraction
2.6. Plane wave reflection and transmission coefficients
2.6.1. Introducion
2.6.2. SH wave reflection and transmission coefficients
2.6.3. Energy flux for reflected and transmitted SH waves
2.6.4. Postcritical SH waves
2.6.5. P-SV waves at a free surface
2.6.6. Solid-solid and solid-liquid interfaces
2.7. Surface waves
2.7.1. Introduction
2.7.2. Raryleigh waves in a homogeneous halfspace
2.7.3. Love waves in a layer over a halfspace
2.7.4. Love wave dispersion
2.8. Dispersion
2.8.1. Phase and group velocity
2.8.2. Disprsive signals
2.8.3. Surface wave dispersion studies
2.8.4. Tsunami dispersion
2.9. Normal modes of the earth
2.9.. Motivation
2.9.2. Modes of a sphere
2.9.3. Spherical harmonics
2.9.4. Torsional modes
2.9.5. Spheroidal modes
2.9.6. Modes and propagating waves
2.9.7. Observing normal modes
2.9.8. Normal mode synthetic seismograms
2.9.9.
Mode atternation, splitting and coupling
3. Seismology and Earth Structure. 3.1. Introduction
3.2. Refraction seismology
3.2.1. Flat layer method
3.2.2. Dipping layer method
3.2.3. Advanced analysis methods
3.2.4. Crustal structure
3.2.5. Rocks and minerals
3.3. Reflecion seismology .. 3.3.1. Travel time curves for reflections
3.3.2. Intercept-slowness forulation for travel times
3.3.3. Multichannel data geometry
3.3.4. Common midpoint stacking
3.3.5. Signal embancement
3.3.6. Deconvolution
3.3.7. Migration
3.3.8. Data processing sequence
3.4. Seismic waves in a spherical earht
3.4.1. Ray paths and travel times
3.4.2.Velocity distributions
3.4.3. Travel time curve inversion
3.5. Body wave travel time studies
3.5.1. Body wave phases
3.5.2. Core phases - 3.5.3. Upper mantle structure
3.5.4. Lower mantle structure
3.5.5. Visualizing body waves
3.6. Anisotropic earth structure
3.6.1. General considerations
3.6.2. Transverse isotropy and azimuthal amisotropy
3.6.3. Anisotropy of minerals and rocks
3.6.4. Anisotropy of composite structures
3.6.5. Anisotropy in the lithosphere and the athenosphere
3.6.6. Anisotropy in the mantle and the core
3.7. Attenuation and anelasticity
3.7.1. Wave atternuation
3.7.2. Geometric spreading
3.7.3. Multipathing
3.7.4. Scattering
3.7.5. Instrinsic atternuation
3.7.6. Quality factor, Q
3.7.7. Spectral resonance peaks
3.7.8. Physical dispersion due to amelasticity
3.7.9. Physical models for anelasticity
3.7.10. Q from rust to inner core
3.8. Composition of the mantle and the core
3.8.1. Density within the earth
3.8.2. Temperature in the earth
3.8.3. Composition of the mantle
3.8.4. Composition of D''
- 3.8.5. Composition of the core
3.8.6.Seismology and plantera evolution
4. Earthquakes. 4.. Introduction
4.2. Focal mechanisms
4.2.1. Fault geometry
4.2.2. First motions
4.2.3. Body wave radiation patterns
4.2.4. Stereographic fault plane representation
4.2.5. Analytical representation of fault geometry
4.3. Waveform modeling
4.3.1. Basic model
4.3.2. Source time function
4.3.3. Body wave modeling
4.3.4. Surface wave focal mechanism
4.3.5. Once and future earghqakes
4.4. Moment tensors
4.4.1. Equivalent forces
4.4.2. Single forces
4.4.3. Force couples
4.4.4. Double couples
4.4.5. Earthquake moment tensors
4.4.6. Isotropic and CLVD moment tensors
4.4.7. Moment tensor inversion
4.4.8. Interpretation of moment tensors
4.5. Earthquake geodesy
4.5.1. Measuring ground deformation
4.5.2. coseismic deformation
4.5.3. Joitn geodetic and seismological earthquake studies
4.5.4. Interseismic deformation and the seismic cycle
4.6. Source parameters
4.6.1. Magnitudes and moment
4.6.2. Source spectra and scaling laws
4.6.3. Stress drop and earthquake energy
4.7. Earthquake statistics. 4.7.1. Frequency-magnitude relations
4.7.2. Aftershocks
4.7.3. Earthquake probabilities
5. Seismology and Plate Tectonics. 5.1. Introduction
5.2. Plate kinematics
5.2.1. Relative plate motions
5.2.2. Global plate motions
5.2.3. Space-based geodesy
5.2.4. Absolute plate motions
5.3. Spreading centers
5.3.1. Geometry of ridges and transforms
5.3.2. Evolutions of the oceanic lithosphere
5.3.3. Ridge and transform earthquakes and processes
5.4. Subduction zones
5.4.1. Thermal models of sbduction
5.4.2. Earthquakes in subducting slabs
5.4.3. Interplate trench earthquakes
5.5. Oceanic intraplae earthquakes and tectonics
5.5.1. Locations of oceanic intraplate seismicity
5.5.2. Fources and stresses in the oceanic lithosphere
5.5.3. Constraints on mantle viscosity
5.6. Continental eartquakes and tectonics
5.6.1. Continental plate boundary zones
5.6.2. Seismic, aseismic, transient and permanent deformation
5.6.3. Continental intraplate earthquake
5.7. Faulting and deformation in the earth. 5.7.1.Rheology
5.7.2. Rock fracture and friction
5.7.3. Ductile flow
5.7.4. Strength of the lithosphere
5.7.5. Earthquakes and rock friction
5.7.6. Earthqakes and regional deformaion
6. Seismograms as Signals. 6.1. Introduction
6.2. Fourier analysis
6.2.1. Fourier series
6.2.2. Complex Fourier series
6.2.3. Fourier transforms
6.2.4. Properties of Fourier transforms
6.2.5. Delta functions
6.3. Linear systems
6.3.1. Basic model
6.3.2. Convolution and deconvolution modeling
6.3.3. Finite length signals
6.3.4. Correlation
6.4. Discrete time series and transforms
6.4.1. Sampling of continuous data
6.4.2. The discrete Fourier transforms
6.4.3. Properties of DFTs
6.4.4. The fast Fourier transform
6.4.5. Digital convolution
6.5. Stacking
6.5.1. Random errors
6.5.2.
6.6. Seismometers and seismological networks
6.6.1. Introduction
6.6.2. The dampted harmonic oscillator
6.6.3. Earth noise
6.6.4. seismometers and seismographs
6.6.5. Digital recording
6.6.6. Types of networks
6.6.7. Global networks
6.6.8. Arrays
6.6.9. Regiona networks
7. Inverse Problems. Inverse problems
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Earthquake location
7.2.1. Theory
7.2.2. Eartquake location for a homogeneous medium
7.2.3. Errors
7.2.4. Earthquake location for more complex geometries
7.3. Travel time tomography
7.3.1. Theory
7.3.2. Generalized inverse
7.3.3. Properties of the generalized inverse solution
7.3.4. Variants of the solution
7.4. Stratified earth structure
7.4.1. Earth structure from normal modes
7.4.2. Parameter and data space inversions
7.4.3. Features of the solutions
7.5. Inverting for plate morions
7.5.1. Method
7.5.2. Testing the results with X2 and F-ratio tests
Appendix: mathematical and computational background. A.1. Introduction
A.2. Complex numbers
A.3. Scalar products
A.3.. Vector products
A. 3.5. Index notation
A.3.6. Vector spaces
A.4. Mattrix algebra. A.4.1. definitions
A.4.2. Determinant
A.4.3. Inverse
A.4.04. Systems of linear equations
A.4.5. Systems of linear equations
A. 4.5. Solving systems of equations on a computer
A.5. Vector transformations. A.5.1. Cordinate transformations
A.5.2. Eigenwalues and eigenvectors
A.5.3. Symmetric matrix eigenvalues, eigenvectors, diagonalization and decomposition
A.6. Vector calclus. A.6.1. Scalar and vector fields
A.6.2. Gradient
A.6.3. Divergence
A.6.4. Curl
A.6.5. Laplacian
A.7. Spherical coordinates
A.7.1. The spherical coordinate system
A.7.2. Distance and azimuth
A.7.3. Choice of axes
A.7.4. Vector operators in spherical coordinates
A.8. Scientific programming. A.8.1. Example: synthetic seismogram calculation
A.8.2. Programming style
A.8.3. Representation of numbers
A.8.4. A few pitfalls
A.8.5. Some philosophical points.

An introduction to seismology, earthquakes and earth structure /

Ejemplares similares